In recent years, the pressure of education has been increasing, which not only harms the healthy growth of students physically and mentally, but also increases the financial and energy burden of families.To enhance the level of school education, off-campus training last specification, further reduce the compulsory education stage student heavy homework burden and off-campus training (hereinafter referred to as the "ShuangJian"), the general office of the central committee of the communist party of China, the State Council general office issued "about further reduce the compulsory education stage student's opinions on homework burden and off-campus training (hereinafter referred to as" opinions ").
The opinions have attracted much attention since they were issued.So what is "double minus"?Why "double minus"?How to double subtract?In the discussion, the work of "double reduction" in various regions has also begun to be gradually implemented, and the question has been preliminarily answered.
"Decrease in the increase, increase in the mention" "double reduction" connotation
As the name implies, "double reduction" is to reduce the burden of students from two aspects, the content of burden reduction is homework burden and off-campus training burden, the main body of burden reduction is compulsory education stage students.In addition, the "double reduction" refers to the increase of after-school services and quality resources, and the improvement of the quality and guarantee capacity of education.
Two hands to reduce the burden, put an end to school load reduction, load increase outside.On the one hand to reduce the homework pressure, by the school to reduce the total amount and length of homework.Homework is no longer a monotonous exercise, but a hierarchical, flexible and personalized form to serve students' learning consolidation.Written work is no longer a complete "homework", but according to the needs of the learning section, as far as possible to keep written work out of school;Parental and student corrections that do not help students' growth will be banned, and homework will be answered by teachers with professional guidance;After school put an end to students blindly make up lessons, parents of other tasks all inclusive, but by parents with the school to guide students to complete the necessary course of study, rational use of electronic products, through labor, sports, communication and other activities scientific use of after-school time.On the other hand, we should reduce the burden of off-campus training, strictly govern and comprehensively regulate the behavior of off-campus training.Non-disciplinary training institutions are no longer subject to approval or clearly distinguish between sports, culture and art, science and technology categories;Disciplinary training institutions are prohibited from going public, capitalizing, engaging in unfair competition, leaking privacy, occupying the rest time of minors, robbing school teachers, and providing bad learning methods that lazy students' minds.
After school services to meet the diverse needs of students.The after-school service does not teach new lessons and is used to classify students who have difficulties and those who are able to study.In-school services will provide after-school services or delayed trusteeship not earlier than the local off-duty time. The teacher resources can be made up of in-school teachers who flexibly leave work, excellent teachers transferred from the region, and qualified social staff and volunteers.The after-school service not only appeals to the community to provide places for student activities, but also develops online learning resources and provides free online q&A services for students.
The evaluation standard is diversified and the quality is improved. Teaching and learning improve the efficiency.Teachers should not be evaluated by admission rate and students should not be evaluated by achievement. The government should set up a correct view of achievements and guide parents to form a scientific view of parenting.To improve students' learning efficiency, we should make full use of prescribed courses, optimize educational methods and improve examination methods.We will narrow the gap in education levels by expanding quality resources, deepen the reform of enrollment, coordinate the staffing of schools, guarantee financial subsidies, and improve the quality of teaching.
"Double reduction" points to the fundamental task of Lide shuren
"It is not only a major adjustment to China's education landscape, but also a big change in the concept of education," said Zhang Zhiyong, a professor and executive director of the China Institute of Education Policy at Beijing Normal University, referring to the nature of the double reduction.As a matter of fact, the guiding ideology of implementing the fundamental task of moral education, focusing on building a high-quality education system, as well as the many permits and red lines that indicate the long-term development direction of education in the Opinions send a signal to the society that the "double reduction" work is facing up to the deep-seated problems behind the heavy burden of students.
"Double reduction" reflects the orientation of quality education.Zhang Duanhong, an associate professor at the Institute of Higher Education at Tongji University, has found that many students with academic difficulties in universities have similar experiences: they received excessive training before entering university, and then began to relax after entering university.Therefore, excessive educational pressure in compulsory education may affect students' future development. Only by reducing the growth "overdraft" caused by excessive training and paying attention to the balanced development of students' morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, can we relieve the pressure on teenagers' body and mind.Zhong Binglin, a member of the National Education Advisory Committee, said the plan aims to promote the all-round development of students.
"ShuangJian" education's work is an opportunity to move toward comprehensive education, not only reflected in the "ShuangJian" require school quality education oriented system design reflects the basic operation, change "enters a higher school's quality education" concept of error, to carry out the khalid ents basic task, also in guiding parents turn blind remediation of child rearing, focus on the child's physical and mental healthy growth.In addition, the "opinions" and followed by issued "about further clear compulsory education training classes and the disciplines outside class scope notice took to points to off-campus training institutions in the past, the test for the selling point of the management idea, to the science quality education training transformation, supplement the shortage of school education, meet students differentiated education provides a feasible path choice.These changes will ultimately serve to promote the integration of education, education and education and improve the overall efficiency of education.
"Double reduction" reflects the quality and balanced development of compulsory education.Nowadays, in order to get a head start in the competition for admission, many schools and parents try their best to let students learn ahead of their time on the grounds of "not letting children lose at the starting line".In order to meet the needs of advanced learning, some off-campus training institutions take the opportunity to carry out anxiety marketing.As Gu Mingyuan, a senior professor at Beijing Normal University, has analyzed, "This has turned China's primary and secondary education into a two-track system -- one is free compulsory education in schools, and the other is the education provided by out-of-school training institutions with high tuition fees. This not only impacts the school education order, but also enlarges the inequality in education."Zhang Zhiyong agrees: "From the perspective of fairness and justice, education equity is the cornerstone of social equity. Education should not become a luxury, let alone a few rich people's 'patent'."
"Opinion" ban on outside the training set and requirements are put forward for the campus education, optimize education supplies the signals, such as subject training institutions non-profit, it is forbidden to off-campus training institutions to dig rob school teachers, encourage schools to use multiple compliance methods expand service after class teachers, put forward the urban and rural school community building plan, etc.The adherence to the principle of public welfare in education shows that the balanced development of high quality compulsory education is imperative.
During the construction of high quality education system is "difference" and even a longer period of education development goals, and "ShuangJian" is plotting to deepening the reform of basic education comprehensive system, speed up the construction of high quality basic education system an important part of, return to the law of education and talent developing mode, finally realizes the high quality education system of the whole building, is the real purpose of "ShuangJian".
Skillfully hit the "double reduction" to implement the "combination of fine"
In order to make the "double reduction" policy really fall into place, a "combination of blows" have been played in national management, provincial actions and the cooperation of various entities. The requirements of the Opinions are gradually becoming solid actions.
At the national management level, consistent measures to reduce the burden and numerous "supporting measures" work together to reduce the burden and improve the quality.
The Overall Plan for Deepening the Reform of Education Evaluation in the New Era, Guidelines for The Quality Evaluation of Compulsory Education, and the Family Education Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China (Draft) have provided the source guarantee for the work of "double reduction".The 2021 Evaluation Plan for provincial People's Governments' Performance of Education Responsibilities will include the deepening of education evaluation reform and "double reduction" into the evaluation focus, and the implementation progress of the "double reduction" work will be notified every half month, and supervision measures such as the establishment of "double reduction" exposure platform will provide standard guarantee for the "double reduction" work.After-school services for primary and secondary school students, after-school custodian services for primary and secondary schools, improvement of weak links in compulsory education and capacity enhancement, exploration of summer custodian services, special rectification of paid supplementary lessons for primary and secondary schools and illegal acceptance of gifts and cash by teachers, and other measures have ensured the reduction of burden without reducing quality of the "double reduction" work.The establishment of the Supervision Department of After-school Education and Training under the Ministry of Education and the joint initiative of 120 national after-school training institutions have provided favorable conditions and environment for the promotion of the "double reduction" work.
At the provincial level, how to implement the "double reduction" policy has become the focus of social attention.
Nine national pilot areas have explored ways to reduce discipline off-campus training, make rational use of resources in and out of school, and strengthen supervision of training fees. Some of the measures implemented in the pilot areas are expected to provide reference for the national "double reduction" work.For example, Beijing has promoted the reasonable flow of outstanding principals, backbone teachers, special-grade teachers and senior teachers within the region to promote the quality and balanced development of compulsory education.Shanghai has promoted public junior high schools, neighborhood communities and gymnasiums to provide diversified platforms for students to practice activities, and explored the pilot work of implementing "happy activity day" in junior high schools.Jiangsu province has increased financial input to further expand the human, material and financial resources of after-school services.Chengdu, Sichuan province, has reduced subject off-campus training from the perspective of teachers, linking students' participation in off-campus training with teacher evaluation.The competent departments and responsibilities of literary and art, science and technology training institutions shall be clarified jointly by various departments to realize the unification of responsibilities and powers.As early as 2020, Changzhi city in Shanxi Province announced that weight and eyesight will be included in the scores of the high school entrance exam to guide families to correct their educational attitudes.Liaoning will continue to deepen the reform of collectively-run schools, aiming to achieve 80% coverage of high-quality education resources in compulsory education by the end of 2021 and full coverage by the end of 2022.
At the level of education participants, "double reduction" points out the direction for stakeholders and prevents rebound risks.
Guide the society to recognize the public welfare attribute of education.Officials from the Ministry of Education stressed that the society should not only provide places and resources for off-campus activities, but also explore community education services. They should also publicize scientific education concepts, get rid of utilitarian phenomena such as "jump-start culture", and stop hyping up exam results ranking and enrollment rate.Li Angran, associate professor of sociology at Zhejiang University, called for more investment in public education and the use of market mechanisms to effectively regulate and guarantee the treatment of teachers.
Guide parents to see the real development needs of students.Parents are important participants in students' learning, so we should realize that the development of abilities beyond knowledge is the implicit need of children's growth. "Double reduction" policy is the opportunity to change the concept of parenting.Parents should "improve their own education quality and ability, rationally plan their children's future development direction, and do not blindly follow the trend of sending children to attend after-school training".
Schools should be the main position to improve the quality of education.How to develop after-school services with local and school-based characteristics to bring children back from after-school training classes;How to solve the problem of insufficient teachers, better provide students with effective classroom teaching and rich after-school services, is the current need to pay attention to and solve the problem.
Off-campus training institutions need correct transformation.Store from zhaohui, a researcher at the Chinese education science research institute said off-campus training institutions from the past right "points" pure shift out of the subject training, gradually learning diagnosis, targeted services, ambition, career planning, etc on the solution of the problems in students' growth and development into the scope of business, is training institutions outside space and opportunities in the future.Some scholars also suggest that off-campus training institutions should do "true education", transform to quality education, return to the public welfare mentality, and do good education rather than big business.
"Double reduction" is a systematic project, which should guide and strive to do a good job in the work of students, parents, teachers, principals, training institutions and the general public.Only by combining efforts to educate people, treating both symptoms and root causes, and returning to the essence of education, can "double reduction" be truly implemented and blossomed.(Reporter Li Jing) (Chinese Ethnic Education, No. 9, 2021)
Source: China Education News Network