Since one hundred years of industrial development, the party secretaries and chairmen of hundreds of enterprises appeared in person. They brought their "family heirlooms" to the studio to tell the touching stories behind the relics, trace back the red financial imprint and explore the vein of China's economy.
Today's 20th episode will tell you about "Dong Fang Hong" Tractor
 
Token name: "Dong Fang Hong" tractor on one yuan
Token inheritor: China National Machinery Industry Group
Date: 1959
Token mark: the first tractor independently produced in China
Token Speaker: Zhang Xiaolun, Chairman and Secretary of the Party Committee of China National Machinery Industry Corporation limited
 
On March 6, 1958, at his desk in Fengze Garden, Zhongnanhai, Chairman MAO was reading official documents at his desk. In front of him was a telegram about production planning sent by the First tractor Factory.Chairman MAO looked at the telegram with a slight frown on his face. He wrote down "Do not use foreign names for tractor models." Then he shook his head and crossed out the word "do not" and changed it to "unsuitable".The name alone made the chairman weigh every word. What was so special about this tractor?
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, all kinds of waste were waiting to be promoted.Just the birth of the people's government financial resources are very limited, and all walks of life, like a starving babies need the manpower of a lot of attention, as lack of funds so, the central government to bite the bullet took out more than 400 million yuan, nearly 30000 tractors imported from the Soviet union, in places such as northeast of first supply state farms.
However, these big guys for the new China more than 800,000 rural areas, is undoubtedly a drop in the ocean.The farmers who have just taken charge of their own land and the 9.6 million square kilometers of land that has just been liberated yearn for the great era of "ploughing without cattle".
In 1953, Yang Ligong, then the secretary of the local party Committee of Nanyang city, Henan Province, received a paper transfer order from the central government and went to Luoyang city to prepare for the construction of tractors.To keep it secret, the first tractor factory was code-named Factory 081.
According to "Yituo Factory Annals", the first tractor Factory recruited nearly 10,000 workers from all over the country.However, most of the workers are from rural areas and have never seen a tractor before. After half a day of safety training, they work on the production line directly.So Yang ligong decided to let technicians lead apprentices hand in hand. One technician managed a team, working normally during the day and training these workers at night.
At that time, we had no experience in tractor assembly, so we took apart and assembled the only two imported Soviet tractors, each of us took turns to dismantle and assemble five or six times, and finally mastered some assembly skills.In the assembly, which parts could not be installed, we would take the two prototypes apart to have a look, study and pondering, working more than ten hours a day, too busy to eat lunch.
The news of the establishment of the first tractor factory soon spread to every corner of the motherland, and the factory has received more than 2,600 letters of sympathy.In addition, the people of Nanyang, Henan province, nearly 30 tons of charcoal back down the mountain, to solve the urgent problem of energy shortage in the factory;Heilongjiang Huachuan county village raised more than 1000 kilograms of rice saved thousands of miles to Luoyang;Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, has sent over 10,000 tons of refractory soil and a large number of bricks and stones for free...
After the efforts of tens of thousands of people, the first tractor was about to roll off the production line, but no one expected that naming the tractor became a problem.
So a craze for naming tractors arose in the factory. First, the Bureau of Automobile Industry of the First Machinery Ministry nominated "Iron Ox". After discussion, the Party committee of the first tractor Factory was not satisfied with the name, and later gave the name to the 27 horsepower wheeled tractor produced by tianjin Tractor Factory.Considering the local characteristics of Luoyang, there are "Longmen" and "white horse", but everyone thinks they can't represent a drag.Finally one day, someone in the factory is singing northern Shaanxi folk song "The East is red", "the East is red, the sun rises, the East out of a MAO Zedong......"All of a sudden, "east red" the name of the factory workers have been unanimously identified.From then on, the name "East is Red" spread throughout rural China and changed The country's agriculture.
In November 1959, the first batch of 13 "Dongfanghong 54 Crawler tractors" produced by the First tractor Factory arrived at Beidahuang Army reclamation farm in Heilongjiang Province, which is a vast field stretching to the horizon.At that time also specially held a welcome ceremony, there is a female tractor driver is particularly excited, take the lead to jump on a opened in the front, air like a won the battle of the general, she is our country's first female tractor driver Liang Jun.This picture was taken by a reporter who was present at that time, and this fixed moment became the source of the pattern on the third set of RMB one yuan notes in China.
Since then, millions of Dongfanghong tractors have been shipped from Luoyang to other parts of China.The first tractor factory has since produced China's first road roller, the first military off-road truck.In more than 60 years of development, it has produced more than 3.5 million dongfanghong tractors of various styles and more than 2.7 million power machines, making a great contribution to the modernization of agricultural machinery and rural revitalization in China.
From the first dongfanghong crawler tractor produced by China in the 1950s to the power shift tractor, continuously variable speed tractor and intelligent tractor, the spirit of "Dongfanghong" has always led the technological development of Agricultural mechanization in China and constantly promoted the transformation and upgrading of China's agricultural machinery industry.